Trunk sap flow measurement technology based on thermal technology was currently the most important method for estimating tree water consumption.A large number of studies had shown that there was a certain potential error between the measured value and the true value of transpiration during the measurement of individual tree level trunk sap flow.The study summarized the calculation errors that might be caused by wood anatomical structure, spatial heterogeneity characteristics, uncertainty of maximum temperature difference, natural temperature difference, thermal damage from the aspects of biology and physics.The method of TDP measurement error currently and its effect were described, and the selection of correction method measurement error formation mechanism and other research directions were prospected, which provided a reference for realizing the accurate calculation of forest water consumption.

Ｂａｉｙａｎｇｄｉａｎ　ｉｓ　ｔｈｅ　ｌａｒｇｅｓｔ　ｓｈａｌｌｏｗ　ｌａｋｅ　ｗｅｔｌａｎｄ　ｉｎ　ｔｈｅ　ｎｏｒｔｈ　Ｃｈｉｎａ　ｐｌａｉｎ．Ｉｔ　ｉｓ　ｖｅｒｙｉｍｐｏｒｔａｎｔ　ｔｏ　ｓｔｕｄｙ　ｔｈｅ　ｅｃｏｌｏｇｉｃａｌ　ｅｎｖｉｒｏｎｍｅｎｔ　ｃｈａｎｇｅｓ　ｉｎ　Ｂａｉｙａｎｇｄｉａｎ　ｒｉｖｅｒ　ｂａｓｉｎ　ｆｏｒ　ｋｅｅｐｉｎｇｔｈｅ　ｅｃｏｌｏｇｉｃａｌ　ｂａｌａｎｃｅ　ｏｆ　ｔｈｅ　ｎｏｒｔｈ　Ｃｈｉｎａ　ｐｌａｉｎ　ａｎｄ　ｔｈｅ　ｃｏｎｓｔｒｕｃｔｉｏｎ　ｏｆ　ｔｈｅ　Ｘｉｏｎｇａｎ　Ｎｅｗ　Ａｒｅａ．Ｂａｉｙａｎｇｄｉａｎ　ｈａｓ　ｂｅｅｎ　ｈａｒｎｅｓｓｅｄ　ｂｙ　ｔｈｅ　ｇｏｖｅｒｎａｎｃｅ　ｏｆ　ｍａｎｙ　ｄｙｎａｓｔｉｅｓ　ｉｎ　ｈｉｓｔｏｒｙ．Ｔｈｅ　ｃｕｒｒｅｎｔｂａｓｉｃ　ｐａｔｔｅｒｎ　ｏｆ　Ｂａｉｙａｎｇｄｉａｎ　ｗｅｔｌａｎｄ　ｗａｓ　ｆｏｒｍｅｄ　ｕｎｄｅｒ　ｔｈｅ　ｃｏｎｓｔｒｕｃｔｉｏｎ　ｄｕｒｉｎｇ　ｔｈｅ　Ｑｉｎｇ　ｄｙｎａｓｔｙ．Ｉｎ　ｔｈｉｓ　ｓｔｕｄｙ，ｉｎ　ｏｒｄｅｒ　ｔｏ　ｐｒｏｖｉｄｅｓ　ａ　ｔｈｅｏｒｅｔｉｃａｌ　ｂａｓｉｓ　ｆｏｒ　ｔｈｅ　ｒｅｓｔｏｒａｔｉｏｎ　ｏｆ　Ｂａｉｙａｎｇｄｉａｎ　ｅｎｖｉｒｏｎｍｅｎｔａｌ　ｅｃｏｓｙｓｔｅｍ　ａｎｄ　ｔｈｅ　ｃｏｎｓｔｒｕｃｔｉｏｎ　ｏｆ　ｆｌｏｏｄ　ｐｒｅｖｅｎｔｉｏｎ　ｅｎｇｉｎｅｅｒｉｎｇ　ｓｙｓｔｅｍ　ｉｎＸｉｏｎｇａｎ　Ｎｅｗ　Ａｒｅａ，ｔｈｅ　ｄａｔａ　ａｎｄ　ｉｎｆｏｒｍａｔｉｏｎ　ｉｎ　ｒｅｌａｔｅｄ　ｒｅｓｕｌｔｓ　ａｂｏｕｔ　ｉｎｆｌｕｅｎｔｉａｌ　ｆａｃｔｏｒｓ　ａｎｄｃｈａｎｇｅ　ｌａｗ　ｉｎ　Ｂａｉｙａｎｇｄｉａｎ　ｗａｓ　ａｎａｌｙｚｅｄ　ｂｙ　ｔｈｅ　ｍｅｔｈｏｄ　ｏｆ　ｍａｔｈｅｍａｔｉｃａｌ　ｓｔａｔｉｓｔｉｃｓ，ａ　ｃｏｍｐｒｅｈｅｎｓｉｖｅ　ｒｅｓｅａｒｃｈ　ｗａｓ　ｐｅｒｆｏｒｍｅｄ　ｔｏ　ｒｅｖｅａｌ　ｔｈｅ　Ｂａｉｙａｎｇｄｉａｎ　ｈｉｓｔｏｒｉｃａｌ　ｃｈａｎｇｅ　ｔｒｅｎｄ　ｉｎ　ａ　ｐｅｒｓｐｅｃｔｉｖｅ　ｏｆ　ｗａｔｅｒ　ｒｅｓｏｕｒｃｅｓ，ｗａｔｅｒ　ｑｕａｌｉｔｙ，ｅｃｏｌｏｇｉｃａｌ　ａｎｄ　ｓｏｃｉａｌ　ｐｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎ　ｓｙｓｔｅｍｓ　ｅｔｃ．Ｉｎ　ｆｕｒｔｈｅｒ，ｔｈｅｒｅｌａｔｉｏｎｓｈｉｐ　ｂｅｔｗｅｅｎ　Ｂａｉｙａｎｇｄｉａｎ　ｅｃｏｌｏｇｉｃａｌ　ｅｎｖｉｒｏｎｍｅｎｔ　ｑｕａｌｉｔｙ　ａｎｄ　ｔｈｅ　ｃｏｎｓｔｒｕｃｔｉｏｎ　ｏｆ　ＸｉｏｎｇａｎＮｅｗ　Ａｒｅａ　ｗａｓ　ｅｘｐｌｏｒｅｄ．Ｉｔ　ｗａｓ　ａｒｇｕｅｄ　ｔｈａｔ　ｔｈｅ　ｃｏｎｓｔｒｕｃｔｉｏｎ　ｏｆ　ｔｈｅ　Ｘｉｏｎｇａｎ　Ｎｅｗ　Ａｒｅａ　ｓｈｏｕｌｄ　ｎｏｔｏｎｌｙ　ｃｏｎｓｉｄｅｒ　ｔｏ　ｔｒａｎｓｆｏｒｍ　ｔｈｅ　ｅｎｖｉｒｏｎｍｅｎｔ　ｅｃｏｓｙｓｔｅｍ　ｗｉｔｈ　Ｂａｉｙａｎｇｄｉａｎ　ａｓ　ｔｈｅ　ｃｏｒｅ，ｂｕｔ　ａｌｓｏ　ｔｏ　ｉｎｔｅｇｒａｔｅ　ｉｎｔｏ　ｔｈｅ　ｓｙｓｔｅｍ　ｓｉｎｃｅ　ｔｈｅｓｅ　ｔｗｏ　ａｓｐｅｃｔｓ　ａｒｅ　ｍｕｔｕａｌｌｙ　ｒｅｓｔｒｉｃｔｅｄ．

To understand the harm of Hyphantria cunea to the Xiongan New Area, the study selected 90 standard plots in the Xiongan New Area to investigate the host species and the extent of the damage caused by Hyphantria vulgaris, the standard survey method was mainly used to carry out random sampling through the combination of diagonal sampling and 'Z' shape sampling, found that pewter was the most serious damage. As a result of,we also systematically investigated the damage of 53 pewter standard sites in the Xiongan New Area, analyzed the damage degree and the cause of the occurrence, and conducted a risk assessment. The results showed that the Hyphantria cunea was generally harmful to the Fraxinus chinensis,and the more serious standard land was mainly affected by the surrounding tree species, its own diseases, and the location surrounding environment. Because the pest had phototaxis, the damage was more serious in the southwest. Its risk R value was 2.23, which was a highly dangerous forestry pest in this area. The investigation provided a basis for the effective prevention and control of the pest, provided a basis for the Xiongan New Area to formulate the pest detection and management countermeasures.

Relocation for poverty alleviation was an important part of China's implementation of targeted poverty relief and poverty alleviation. At present, relocation of the poor in inhospitable areas in China had been transferred to a new stage with follow-up resettlement as the focus. In order to enhance the sustainability of poverty alleviation relocation in inhospitable areas, it was necessary to give a play to the role of government leading, overall planning of industrial development, employment resettlement, community governance and other aspects according to local conditions. Therefore, the study summarized its main methods of follow-up resettlement for poverty alleviation and relocation through field investigations and visited to the poverty alleviation and relocation communities in Fuzeyuan, Laiyuan County, emphasizing on the results obtained in standardizing community management, improving residents' employment, income and sense of integration through the community management, employment resettlement, and cultural construction. Furthermore, the countermeasures and suggestions of 'Party building leaded to women building' and esablished a systematic cultural training system should be put forward to the improvement aspects of the community of living environment, women's employment, cultural construction, income security, etc. In conclusion, the aim was to provide reference for the relocation and resettlement work around the country, and to provide case references for ensuring that the poverty population could move out, live stably, and become rich.

In order to apply ISSR molecular marker to the study of Clematis genetic diversity, germplasm identification and genetic fingerprint construction, the L9(34) orthogonal experiment design was adopted, four main factors affecting the amplification reaction were optimized, including four factors, DNA template concentration, primer concentration, Master Mix and PCR cycle number, four main factors affecting the amplification reaction were optimized, the ISSR-PCR reaction system suitable for Clematis was obtained. The results showed that in the 25 μL reaction system, the optimal ratio of all factors was as followed: Template DNA dosage was 40 ng/25 μL, primer concentration was 6 μmol/L, Master Mix dosage was 14 μL/25 μL, and the number of cycles was 40. The genetic fingerprints of 17 Clematis were constructed by using the optimized ISSR system. Optimization of ISSR-PCR reaction system in Clematis would provide a theoretical basis for the evaluation of genetic diversity, genetic fingerprinting construction of Clematis and molecular marker assisted breeding.The construction of fingerprint could effectively distinguish and identify the 17 Clematis.

In order to explore the biological characteristics of Spodoptera frugiperda in central and south of Hebei Province, the study collected the Spodoptera frugiperda eggs from the field and simulated the farmland ecological environment in central and south of Hebei Province under the indoor temperature of 24-27 ℃ and relative humidity of 50%-75%, which were raised in captivity. The morphological characteristics and living habits of Spodoptera frugiperda from egg to adult emergence and the corresponding duration were observed and recorded. It was preliminarily confirmed that under the same living environment, the larval growth and development progress were not orderly, and the survival rate was various at different ages, the survival rate at the first and second instars was 100%, the survival rate at sixth instar was 78.33%. The development of female moths was 1-2 days earlier than that of male moths, and it took about 32 days to complete a generation in central and southern Hebei Province. The research had strong regionality and clear pertinence, provided a theoretical basis for the monitoring, early warning and scientific control of the Spodoptera frugiperda in central and southern of Hebei Province.

In order to explore the invasive patterns of dien plants and its relation ship with road ecosystem during highway construction.In the study, invasive pattern of alien species Eupatorium adenophorum in Pinus yunnanensis forest along roadsides in Mid-Yunnan was investigated and the effects on community properties and soil nutrients were also analyzed. The results showed that :(1) The E.adenophorum was mainly distributed within 5-20 m from the road, and there were significant effects of the distance from road on number of clusters, cluster area, height, and coverage of E.adenophorum.(2) With the invasion density increased, community-weighted mean(CWM) of P.yunnanensis showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing, while the understory plant diversity and functional richness(FRic) displayed the significant decrease trend. In addition, the trend of first increasing and then decreasing was also found on the concentration of soil organic carbon(SOC) and total nitrogen(TN) along the gradient of invasion. The highest concentrations of SOC and TN were found under 40% coverage of E.adenophorum.(3) The results of path analysis showed that the comprehensive effect coefficient of understory community on SOC was the highest, which was-0.527. The coefficients of coverage of invasion and CWM of P.yunnanensis on soil TN were higher, which were-0.698 and 0.759, respectively. Moreover, coverage of invasion had the highest effect coefficient on soil total phosphorus, which was 0.681. The above results indicated that the spread of E.adenophorum caused by road construction could affect the process and function of the soil ecosystem through a variety of ways. Therefore, in the process of road construction in central Yunnan, control of invasion and improvement of community composition and structure under P.yunnanensis forest would play an important role in the health of road ecosystems.

Ｉｎ　ｏｒｄｅｒ　ｔｏ　ｐｒｏｔｅｃｔ　ｅｆｆｅｃｔｉｖｅｌｙ　ｔｈｅ　ｕｎｄｅｒｓｔｏｒｙ　ｐｌａｎｔ　ｒｅｓｏｕｒｃｅｓ，ｄｉｖｅｒｓｉｔｙ　ｉｎｄｉｃｅｓ，ｉｎｃｌｕｄｉｎｇ　ｓｐｅｃｉｅｓ　ｒｉｃｈｎｅｓｓ，ｉｍｐｏｒｔａｎｔ　ｖａｌｕｅ，Ｓｉｍｐｓｏｎ　ｉｎｄｅｘ，ｅｖｅｎｎｅｓｓ　ｉｎｄｅｘ　ｅｔｃ．，ｗｅｒｅ　ｕｓｅｄ　ｔｏａｎａｌｙｚｅ　ｗｏｏｄｙ　ａｎｄ　ｈｅｒｂａｃｅｏｕｓ　ｐｌａｎｔｓ　ｄｉｖｅｒｓｉｔｙ　ｏｆ　ｆｉｖｅ　ｆｏｒｅｓｔ　ｔｙｐｅｓ　ｉｎ　Ｓａｉｈａｎｂａ　Ｎａｔｉｏｎａｌ　Ｎａｔｕｒｅ　Ｒｅｓｅｒｖｅ．Ｒｅｓｕｌｔｓ　ｉｎｄｉｃａｔｅｄ　ｔｈａｔ　ｔｈｅ　ｕｎｄｅｒｓｔｏｒｙ　ｐｌａｎｔ　ｄｉｖｅｒｓｉｔｙ　ｗａｓ　ｍｕｃｈ　ｈｉｇｈｅｒ　ｉｎ　ｂｒｏａｄｌｅａｖｅｄ　ｆｏｒｅｓｔｓ（５３±７．０００）ｔｈａｎ　ｉｎ　ｃｏｎｉｆｅｒｏｕｓ　ｆｏｒｅｓｔｓ（３４±７．０７１）ｉｎ　ｔｈｅ　ｓｔｕｄｙ　ａｒｅａ．Ｆｏｒｈｅｒｂａｃｅｏｕｓ　ｐｌａｎｔ　ｓｐｅｃｉｅｓ，Ｓｉｍｐｓｏｎ　ａｎｄ　Ｓｈａｎｎｏｎ－Ｗｉｅｎｅｒ　ｉｎｄｉｃｅｓ　ｗｅｒｅ　ｔｈｅ　ｈｉｇｈｅｓｔ　ｉｎ　Ｑｕｅｒｃｕｓｍｏｎｇｏｌｉｃａｆｏｒｅｓｔｓ（０．８８ａｎｄ　２．５８）ａｎｄ　ｔｈｅ　ｌｏｗｅｓｔ　ｉｎ　Ｐｉｃｅａ　ｍｅｙｅｒｉ　ｆｏｒｅｓｔｓ（０．６２ａｎｄ　１．４１），ｒｅｓｐｅｃｔｉｖｅｌｙ．Ｆｏｒ　ｗｏｏｄｙ　ｐｌａｎｔ　ｓｐｅｃｉｅｓ，Ｓｉｍｐｓｏｎ　ａｎｄ　Ｓｈａｎｎｏｎ－Ｗｉｅｎｅｒ　ｉｎｄｉｃｅｓ　ｗｅｒｅ　ｔｈｅ　ｈｉｇｈｅｓｔ　ｉｎ　Ｐｏｐｕｌｕｓ　ｄａｖｉｄｉａｎａｆｏｒｅｓｔｓ（０．５２ａｎｄ　０．９７）ａｎｄ　ｔｈｅ　ｌｏｗｅｓｔ　ｉｎ　Ｑｕｅｒｃｕｓ　ｍｏｎｇｏｌｉｃａｆｏｒｅｓｔｓ（０．１２ａｎｄ　０．２０），ｒｅｓｐｅｃｔｉｖｅｌｙ．Ｔｈｅ　ａｂｏｖｅ　ｒｅｓｕｌｔｓ　ｗｅｒｅ　ａｔｔｒｉｂｕｔｅｄ　ｔｏ　ｔｈｅ　ｄｉｆｆｅｒｅｎｃｅｓ　ｉｎ　ｔｅｒｍｓｏｆ　ｔｒｅｅ　ｓｐｅｃｉｅｓ　ｃｏｍｐｏｓｉｔｉｏｎ，ｓｔａｎｄ　ｄｅｎｓｉｔｙ　ａｎｄ　ｍａｎａｇｅｍｅｎｔ　ｍｏｄｅ　ｂｅｔｗｅｅｎ　ｂｒｏａｄ－ｌｅａｖｅｄ　ａｎｄｃｏｎｉｆｅｒｏｕｓ　ｆｏｒｅｓｔｓ．Ｔｈｅ　ｄｉｖｅｒｓｉｔｙ　ｏｆ　ｗｏｏｄｙ　ｐｌａｎｔｓ　ｗａｓ　ｌｏｗｅｒ　ｔｈａｎ　ｔｈａｔ　ｏｆ　ｈｅｒｂａｃｅｏｕｓ　ｐｌａｎｔｓ　ｉｎｄｉｆｆｅｒｅｎｔ　ｆｏｒｅｓｔ　ｔｙｐｅｓ．Ｓｐｅｃｉｅｓ　ｄｉｖｅｒｓｉｔｙ　ｗａｓ　ｌａｒｇｅｌｙ　ｄｅｔｅｒｍｉｎｅｄ　ｂｙ　ｈｅｒｂａｃｅｏｕｓ　ｐｌａｎｔｓ　ｉｎ　ｆｏｒｅｓｔｃｏｍｍｕｎｉｔｉｅｓ．Ａｃｃｏｒｄｉｎｇｌｙ，ｓｏｍｅ　ｗｏｒｋｓ　ｓｕｃｈ　ａｓ　ｒｅａｓｏｎａｂｌｅ　ｐｒｕｎｉｎｇ　ａｎｄ　ｒｅｇｕｌａｒ　ｔｅｎｄｉｎｇ　ｆｏｒｃｏｎｉｆｅｒｏｕｓ　ｐｌａｎｔａｔｉｏｎｓ，ｓｔｒｉｃｔ　ｃｏｎｓｅｒｖａｔｉｏｎ　ａｎｄ　ｉｍｐｒｏｖｅｍｅｎｔ　ｏｆ　ｎａｔｕｒａｌ　ｒｅｇｅｎｅｒａｔｉｏｎ　ｆｏｒ　ｎａｔｕｒａｌ　ｂｒｏａｄ－ｌｅａｖｅｄ　ｆｏｒｅｓｔｓ，ａｒｅ　ｉｎｄｉｓｐｅｎｓａｂｌｅ　ｉｎ　ｅｆｆｅｃｔｉｖｅ　ｐｒｏｔｅｃｔｉｏｎ　ｏｆ　ｔｈｅ　ｕｎｄｅｒｓｔｏｒｙ　ｐｌａｎｔ　ｒｅｓｏｕｒｃｅｓ　ｉｎ　ｔｈｅ　ｓｔｕｄｙ　ａｒｅａ．

In order to reveal the spatial layout of buildings in the Summer Palace，this research uses the method of literature induction and field investigation to study the spatial lay out of the Summer Palace. The results show that the building layouts of Wanshou Mountain and Kunming Lake are similar to that of peach and bat.  The corridor buildings in the Summer Palace are similar to the flying bats in shape. The farming-and-weaving landscape area of the Summer Palace and the bronze ox building correspond to the Cowherd and Vega in thestarry sky，highlighting the correspondence between heaven and earth in landscape layout.The whole building in the park is well-organized and symmetrical with the double bats Wanshou Mountain bat shape and corridor bat shape).Finally，the paper discusses the fate tors influencing the layout of the Summer Palace，which will provide effective theoretical support for the future development and protection of the Summer Palace.

Ｉｎｏｒｄｅｒｔｏｆｕｒｔｈｅｒｓｔｕｄ ｙｔｈｅｇ ｒｏｗｔｈｐ ａｔｔｅｒｎｏｆＬ ａｒｉｘｐ ｒ ｉｎｃｉ ｐ ｉｓ － ｒ ｕ ｐｐ ｒｅｃｈｔｉｉｅ ｓ ｐ ｅ －ｃ ｉａｌｌ ｙａｔａ ｇ ｅｂｅｔｗｅｅｎ４０－８０ａ， ａｎｄｐ ｒｏｖｉｄｅｂａｓｉｃｉｎｆｏｒｍａｔｉｏｎｆｏｒｔｈｅｃｕｌｔｉｖａｔｉｏｎｏｆｌａｒ ｇ ｅｄｉ －ａｍｅｔｅｒｏｆＬ ａｒｉｘｐ ｒ ｉｎｃｉ ｐ ｉｓ － ｒ ｕ ｐｐ ｒｅｃｈｔｉｉ，ｄ ｉｆｆｅｒｅｎｔａｎｎｕａｌｔｒｅｅｈｅｉ ｇ ｈｔａｎｄＤＢＨｏｆ０－８０ａＬ．ｐ ｒ ｉｎｃｉ ｐ ｉｓ － ｒ ｕ ｐｐ ｒｅｃｈｔｉｉｗ ｅｒｅｓｔｕｄｉｅｄｔｈｒｏｕ ｇ ｈｔｈｅａｎａｌ ｙ ｓｉｓｏｆｇ ｒｏｗｔｈｒｉｎ ｇｗｉｄｔｈａｎｄｒｉｎ ｇｂｒａｎ －ｃ ｈｅｓ．Ｔｈｅｒｅｓｕｌｔｓｓｈｏｗｅｄｔｈａｔ， ｔｈｅ ＜８０ａＮｏｒｔｈＣｈｉｎａＬａｒｃｈｄｉａｍｅｔｅｒｓｔａｎｄｓｂａｓｉｃａｌｌ ｙａｔｒｅｌａｔｉｖｅｌ ｙｓｔａｂｌｅｇ ｒｏｗｔｈ．Ａｌｔｈｏｕ ｇ ｈｔｈｅＤＢＨ ｇ ｒｏｗｔｈｉｎｃｒｅｍｅｎｔｏｆ ＞６０ａｌａｒｃｈｄｅｃｒｅａｓｅｄｓｏｍｅｗｈａｔ， ｉｔｓｔｉｌｌｃｏｕｌｄｒｅａｃｈ０．５ｃｍｐ ｅｒｙ ｅａｒ．５０ａＮｏｒｔｈＣｈｉｎａｌａｒｃｈｓｔａｒｔｅｄｔｏｄｅｃｒｅａｓｅｉｔｓｇ ｒｏｗｉｎ ｇｖｏｌｕｍｅｓｉ ｇ ｎｉｆｉｃａｎｔｌ ｙ， ｂｕｔ７０－８０ａｌａｒｃｈｓｔｉｌｌｋｅ ｐ ｔｔｈｅｂａｓｉｃａｎｎｕａｌｇ ｒｏｗｔｈｏｆａｒｏｕｎｄ０．２ｍ．

In order to understand the tolerance of Wickerhamomyces anomalus of Populus tomentosa to heavy metal and organic pollutant, the W.anomalous were exposure to YPD with and without agar media and inorganic salt medium supplied with different concentrations of Cd, Cr, Bap and BDE-3 to analyze the tolerance characteristics of W.anomalus to the pollutants both in single and collaborative exposed conditions.The results showed that the W. anomalus had a certain tolerance to alone stress of 100 mg/L Cd, 10 mg/L Cr, 25 mg/L Bap, 30 mg/L BDE-3 and combined stress of 10 mg/L Cd+30 mg/L BDE-3, 10 mg/L Cd+25 mg/L Bap, 10 mg/L Cr+30 mg/L BDE-3,10 mg/L Cr+25 mg/L Bap.The results of the combined stress experiment under the condition of inorganic salt medium showed that the W.anomalus could maintain its growth by using BDE-3 and Bap as the only carbon source, the ability of using BDE-3 was better than that of using Bap.

In order to explore the development of national forest park construction and reveal its spatial distribution law, the study used knowledge map and GIS space technology to explore and analyze the research progress and spatial pattern of the China's National Forest Park. The results showed that:(1)The national forest park, ecotourism, forest tourism, landscape architecture, biodiversity, nature reserves, evaluation, community structure and so on were the hot areas in the history of the China's National Forest Park.(2)The China's National Forest Park presented a dense spatial pattern in the east and sparse in the west, and the distribution of parks in the northeast and southwest regions was more concentrated, which were opposite to that of Qinghai and Tibet.(3)The area of national forest parks had been improved more significantly in the period 1992-2017. The four provinces of Heilongjiang, Tibet, Xinjiang and Neimenggu had contributed more to the total area of the national forest parks, however, the Tianjin, Shanghai, Ningxia and Hainan had contributed less. The number of national forest parks in the western region needed to be improved, and the total area of national forest parks in Ningxia and Hainan provinces had a large theoretical expansion space. In the future, we could strengthen the research on the dynamic monitoring and evaluation of national forest parks, the guarantee of forest park management system, the evaluation of forest park construction effectiveness, smart forest park and other aspects research, thus to promote the overall and healthy development of national forest parks.

The germination characteristics of Coreopsis bigelovii and Coreopsis basalis under different concentrations of NaCl and PEG-6000 simulated drought stress were studied.The results showed that the germination rate, germination potential and other index reduced to different degrees with the increase of solution concentration. When the PEG-6000 concentration was less than 15%, the germination rate of two kinds of Coreopsis was more than 80%. But when the concentration of PEG-6000 solution was 25%, the germination rates of the kinds of Coreopsis were 10.7% and 50%, which were significantly different from the control group. In NaCl solution treatment, the germination rate and germination potential of the control group were significantly higher than those of the other groups.When the concentration of NaCl solution was less than 6 g/L, the germination rates of both species were higher than 70%.When the NaCl solution was higher than 8 g/L, the indexes of the two species were significantly reduced, and the seedlings could not grow normally. In conclusion, two species of Coreopsis had good salt-alkali resistance and drought resistance, and had high development potential in landscape application of arid or salt-alkali land.

In order to investigate the fruiting situation of the natural distribution population of Bretschneidera sinensis, the distribution of young trees with different age grades and the environmental factors that affected the growth of young trees in different periods, the static life table of the population was prepared by using ramet, and the survival situation of the population in the community competition was analyzed by using environmental sieve. Seed regeneration was used to compile fertility table, and seed reproduction and reproductive ecology were used to analyze population growth force and main factors affecting population growth. The linear regression model of factor variables was used to analyze and screen the main factors affecting the population growth process. The results showed that the deficiency of seed safety island and the deep dormancy of seed for inhibiting sprout of seed, the first and second year seedlings had weak resistance to pests and diseases, which leaded to poor reproductive growth of the species and maked the population in a vulnerable state in natural competition. The model research of population dynamic increasing indicated that the effects of influencing population increasing put up the population age>crown density>soil humidity>vegetation density>population density>slop. The growth period of sapling was longer during the natural renewal and the individual over 30 years could not enter into the engender condition, the seed of engender mother-tree was of the abundant year and the deficient year, the interval period was between 3 to 4 years, which observably influenced the natural regeneration.

Ｉｎｏｒｄｅｒｔｏｕｎｄｅｒｓｔａｎｄｔｈｅｇ ｒｏｗｔｈａｎｄｂｉｏｍａｓｓｏｆＳｃｏｔｃｈｐ ｉｎｅ （ Ｐ ｉｎｕｓｓ ｙ ｌ ｖｅｓｔｒｉｓｖ ａｒ．ｍ ｏｎ ｇ ｏｌｉｃａ）ｐ ｌ ａｎｔａｔｉｏｎｓｗｈｉｃｈａｒｅｉｍｐ ｏｒｔａｎｔｆｏｒｔｈｅｍａｎａ ｇ ｅｍｅｎｔａｎｄｖａｌｕａｔｉｏｎｏｆｔｈｅｐ ｌａｎｔａｔｉｏｎｓｉｎＳａｉｈａｎｂａａｒｅａ， ｔｈｅｂｉｏｍａｓｓｍｏｄｅｌｓｏｆｔｈｅＳｃｏｔｃｈｐ ｉｎｅｗｅｒｅｄｅｖｅｌｏ ｐ ｅｄ， ａｎｄｔｈｅｂｉｏｍａｓｓａｎｄｉｔｓｄｉｓｔｒｉｂｕｔｉｏｎｗｅｒｅｓｔｕｄｉｅｄ．Ｔｈｅｒｅｓｕｌｔｓｓｈｏｗｅｄｔｈａｔｔｈｅｏ ｐ ｔｉｍａｌｂｉｏｍａｓｓｍｏｄ －ｅ ｌｓｆｏｒｄｉｆｆｅｒｅｎｔｏｒ ｇ ａｎｓｏｆＳｃｏｔｃｈｐ ｉｎｅｗｅｒｅａｌｌＣＡＲ ｍｏｄｅｌａｎｄｒｅａｃｈｅｄｔｈｅｖｅｒ ｙｓｉ ｇ ｎｉｆｉｃａｎｔｌｅｖｅｌ：Ｗｔ ｒｕｎｋ＝０． ０２６８ Ｄ ２． ６ ４３６， Ｗｂ ｒａｎｃｈ＝０． ０６１２ Ｄ １． ８ ６２７， Ｗｌ ｅａｆ＝０． １１２４ Ｄ １． ５ ４２９， Ｗｆ ｒｕｉｔ＝０．００００４ Ｄ ３． ３ １１，Ｗｔ ｒｅｅ＝０． ０９３ Ｄ ２． ３ ４２９．ＴｈｅＳｃｏｔｃｈｐ ｉｎｅｐ ｌａｎｔａｔｉｏｎｓｉｎｔｈｅＩｓｉｔｅｃｌａｓｓｗａｓｈｉ ｇ ｈｅｒｉｎａｖｅｒａ ｇ ｅｔｒｅｅｂｉｏｍａｓｓｔｈａｎｉｎｔｈｅＩＩｓｉｔｅｃｌａｓｓ， ｂｕｔ ｌｏｗｅｒｔｈａｎｔｈａｔ ｉｎｓｔａｎｄｂｉｏｍａｓｓ．ＴｈｅＳｃｏｔｃｈｐ ｉｎｅｐ ｌａｎ －ｔ ａｔｉｏｎｓｉｎＳａｉｂａｎｂａａｒｅａｗｅｒｅｈｉ ｇ ｈｅｒｉｎｂｉｏｍａｓｓｔｈａｎｍｏｓｔｏｆｔｈｅＳｃｏｔｃｈｐ ｉｎｅｐ ｌａｎｔａｔｉｏｎｓｉｎｏｔｈｅｒａｒｅａｓｏｆＣｈｉｎａ．Ｔｈｅｄｅｓｃｅｎｄｉｎ ｇｏｒｄｅｒｏｆｂｉｏｍａｓｓｒａｔｉｏｉｎｄｉｆｆｅｒｅｎｔｏｒ ｇ ａｎｓｗａｓｔｒｕｎｋ（ ５０．８７％ ～８０．６６％） ，ｂ ｒａｎｃｈ （ １０．７６％ ～２３．５４％） ，ｌ ｅａｆ （ ７．３１％ ～２４．２８％）ａｎｄｆｒｕｉｔ（ ０．３４％～１．２５％） ．Ｔｈｅｂｉｏｍａｓｓｒａｔｉｏｓｏｆｔｒｕｎｋｓａｎｄｆｒｕｉｔｓｉｎｃｒｅａｓｅｄｗｉｔｈｔｈｅａ ｇ ｅａｎｄＤＢＨ，ｗｈｉｌｅｔｈａｔｏｆｂｒａｎｃｈｅｓａｎｄｌｅａｖｅｓｄｅｃｒｅａｓｅｄｗｉｔｈａ ｇ ｅａｎｄＤＢＨｏｆｔｈｅｐ ｌａｎｔａｔｉｏｎ．

In order to study the growth state of Nandina domestica 'Firepower' on the outdoor green wall in Baoding during summer, the physiological indexes of Nandina domestica 'Firepower' with peat and water moss as the growth matrix in natural area and Nandina domestica 'Firepower' with peat and water moss as the growth matrix in cold proof area were measured, and their comprehensive evaluation was carried out by membership function. The results showed that when the variation range of daily average light intensity on the green wall was 0.38-20 860.76 LX, the variation range of daily average temperature of substrate was 6.22-29.55 ℃, and the variation range of daily average humidity was 12.74%-26.40%, the changes of chlorophyll content and protective enzyme activity were ascending-descending; the change rule of MDA was descending-ascending-descending; the law of nutrient materialization was ascending-descending-ascending. The Nandina domestica 'Firepower' under the treatment of peat, water moss, peat in cold proof area and water moss in cold proof area compare with CK, the average content of chlorophyll increased by 26.21%, 13.71%, 66.13% and 50.81% respectively; The mean value of SOD increased by 22.27%, 10.44%, 37.79%, 27.96% respectively; The mean value of POD activity increased by 33.22%, 15.16%, 66.45%, 48.19% respectively; The average content of soluble sugar increased by 53.45%, 33.47%, 14.53%, 89.44% respectively; The average content of soluble protein increased by 14.22%, 6.77%, 28.33%, 21.69% respectively; The mean content of MDA decreased by 31.52%, 14.63%, 50.84%, 35.48% respectively. Compared with the natural area, the average contents of chlorophyll, SOD, POD, soluble sugar and soluble protein of Nandina domestica 'Firepower' in the cold proof area increased by 32.10%, 14.20%,26.68%,51.51% and 13.14% respectively, and the mean content of MDA decreased by 21.62%. From strong to weak, the resistance of Nandina domestica 'Firepower' under each treatment was peat matrix in cold proof area, water moss matrix in cold proof area, peat matrix in natural area and water moss matrix in natural area.Therefore, the treatment of peat matrix in cold proof area was the most conducive to the growth of Nandina domestica 'Firepower'.

In order to explore the ecological risk in Fuping County, based on the land use data in the year of 2010, 2015 and 2020, with the help of ecosystem service model and ecological risk model, the temporal and spatial evolution characteristics of ecosystem service value and ecological risk were quantitatively analyzed in the study. The temporal and spatial evolution characteristics of the ecological environment in Fuping County were revealed and classified by Z-score standardization through four ecological zones. The results showed that:(1) The six land use types had changed in varying degrees, and cultivated land and grassland had the largest proportion of increase and decrease. The high value areas were mainly distributed in the areas with high vegetation coverage and good water and heat conditions of woodland and grassland in the west of Xiazhuang Township and Longquanguan Town. Ecosystem services were mainly regulatory services, and woodland provided the highest ecosystem services value.(2) On the whole, the study area was dominated by low ecological risk area, accounting for more than half of the total area.With a spatial distribution characteristic of high level in southeast and low level in northwest. High ecological risk areas were distributed in densely populated areas, such as Beiguoyuan Township and Wanglinkou Town, where landscape types were fragmented and scattered.(3) The change degree of the four types of ecological zoning was small, which indicating that the study area was in a relatively stable state, high ecosystem service value-low ecological risk(Ⅳ) accounted for the highest proportion and low ecosystem service value-low ecological risk area(Ⅲ) accounted for the lowest proportion. The research of ecological zoning could provide a theoretical basis for preventing and reducing regional ecological risks and coordinating the relationship between human and land.

In order to understand the effects of different land use patterns on soil chemical properties in Bashang area, northwest of Hebei Province, the soil chemical properties of four land use patterns(enclosed forest land, enclosed deforested lands, unenclosed forest land and farmland) in this area were analyzed. The results showed that the pH of farmland was 7.5 to 8.5, which significantly higher than that of other three land use methods(6.5-7.5)(P<0.05). The farmland was significantly higher than the three forest lands in organic matter, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, total potassium and available nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium(P<0.05). The nutrient contents in the surface soil(0-10 cm) of the two closed forests were significantly higher than those in the unenclosed forests(P<0.05), but there was no significant difference in the deep soil. Land use types had a significant impact on the vertical distribution of soil nutrients. The soil nutrients in farmland decreased firstly and then increased along the soil depth like the V-shaped, except for available phosphorus. The soil nutrients of the three forest lands decreased with the increase of soil depth like the L-shaped, and the inflection point was in 10-20 cm soil layer. From the above results, it was concluded that land use types influences the soil nutrient content and its spatial distribution significantly. The farmland was obviously higher than three kinds of forest lands in different soil nutrients content because of fertilization, but salinization was happened in farmland. The enclosure could obviously improve the nutrients content of surface soil of forest lands, and had little effect on deep soil.

Forest was an ideal place for restoration,building a good forest environment was of great importance to the restoration of public health.Taking the larch forest in Saihanba Mechanized Forestry Farm as the research object,based on 40 survey plots,through the design of scale and the method of mathematical statistical analysis,the study evaluated the restorative effect and beauty degree of the forest landscape,and explored the relationship between the restorative effect,beauty degree and stand structure index.The results showed that there was no significant difference in the restorative effect between pure larch forest and mixed birch forest(P>0.05),but there were great differences in the restorative effect between different areas.The mean and standard deviation of the restorative effect were 7.126 and 25.123,respectively.There was a significant correlation between restorative effect and beauty(P<0.01).The restorative effect and beauty degree were significantly correlated with average tree height and density(P<0.01).It was significantly correlated with canopy density,lower wood height and DBH variation coefficient(P<0.05).

The Beauveria bassiana was an important entomopatogenic fungus, and the virulence was closely related to conidia germination rates in different relative humidity. In order to explore the changes in the expression of genes related to low humidity germination tolerance of B. bassiana,RNA-Seq technique was used to construct respectively the ungerminated conidia of B. bassiana WA strain, the WA_S WA_100,WA_75 conidia transcriptomes of germination in relative humidities 100%(RH100%) and 75%(RH75%).The results of sequence bioinformatics analysis showed that, compared with WA_S, there were 822 differentially expressed genes(DEGs) in WA_100 and WA_75 spores during germination, respectively. According to GO enrichment analysis, the DEGs of WA_75 and WA_100 were concentrated in the metabolic process of Monocarboxylic acid(65), Catabolism(72), Catabolism of organic matter(65), Metabolism of organic acid(107), Metabolism of pyruvic acid(106), etc. KEGG was enriched in Glycolysis/Gluconeogenesis(31), Lysine degradation(12), Fructose and Mannose metabolism(10), Tyrosine metabolism(11) and Glycerolipid metabolism(9). Compared with WA_100, a large number of seronine kinase genes involved in glycolysis signal transduction were up-regulated in WA_75. The study provided a theoretical basis for elucidating the mechanism of tolerance to low moisture germination of B. bassiana spores.