In order to clarify the effect of space volume on mating, feeding, moving and resting behavior of Anoplophora glabripennis adults, five containers (1 000 cm3, 4 000 cm3, 8 000 cm3, 16 000 cm3, 32 000 cm3) were used to test behavior responses of adults in five consecutive days. The research results showed that: (1) The frequency of mating behavior, feeding behavior, and moving behavior of male and female A. glabripennis beetles decreased with increasing volume; In different spatial volumes, except for no differences in resting activities between female and male adults, there were differences in mating, feeding, and moving activities between female and male adults; (2) There were significant differences between male and female adults in the space of 1 000 cm3 feeding activities, 4 000 cm3 moving activities and 16 000 cm3 feeding activities; (3) When there was light, there were significant differences between the feeding activity and resting activity in the space of 1 000 cm3, and resting activity of 32 000 cm3; When there was no light, there were significant differences between the male and female adults of 4 000 cm3 moving and resting activity, 8 000 cm3 moving activity and 32 000 cm3 resting activity; (4) Spatial volume had an influence on the daily rhythm of different behavioral activities of A. glabripennis. To sum up, the behavior of A.glabripennis would be affected by the space volume size and light.
In order to clarify the composition and relationship between plant community and insect community, and provide theoretical basis for improving biodiversity and pest control. In this paper, five plant configuration types (Ⅰ-ecological base forest, Ⅱ-colorful flower forest, Ⅲ-forest grassland, Ⅳ-forest orchard and Ⅴ-near-natural forest) were selected as the research objects in Xiongan New Area, and the correlation between plant community and insect community was determined by using community investigation methods and typical correlation analysis. The results showed that there were 48 species of 20 families, 35 genera and 20 families in the 5 plant configuration. Ⅰ plant community diversity index and richness index were higher, dominance index was lower, and stability was better, which was significantly different from Ⅳ. Ⅱ, Ⅲ and Ⅴ had no significant difference except evenness index. There were 336 species of insects in 12 orders and 100 families. According to the index of insect community characteristics, Ⅰ reflected relatively stable community structure, which was significantly different from Ⅳ, and had no significant difference from other configurations, Ⅱ, Ⅲ and Ⅴ had no significantly difference, and the overall trend of insect community characteristics was consistent with that of plant community. Typical correlation analysis showed that Ⅰ plant communities had significant correlation with insect communities, while the other four plant communities had no significant correlation with insect communities. Conclusion: The plant community and insect community structure of the plant configuration were stable, and there was a significant correlation between the plant community and the insect community. Different plant configurations led to different degrees of differences in insect communities.
In order to explore the effects of different fertilization treatments on the growth and leaf contents of Juglans regia trees in the mature J. regia garden in mountainous areas, this experiment took "Liaoning No.1" J. regia as the test material, with the goal of saving water and fertilizer, improving tree nutrition as the target, and applied fertilization once in each period based on the growth period of J. regia. Through the application of different fertilization combinations to screen the appropriate fertilization period. The results showed that the tree growth index, leaf nutrient index and chlorophyll content of all water and fertilizer treatments were significantly better than those of the control treatment. The traditional three fertilization treatments had better performance in tree growth and leaf contents, but there was no significant difference between the two fertilization treatments in the indexes of leaf mineral elements and soluble sugar content. All the indexes of one fertilization were significantly lower than those of three fertilization treatments, indicating that appropriate reduction of water and fertilizer had little effect on the growth of J. regia tree and the indexes of leaves. In conclusion, it could be reduced by reducing one time of water and fertilizer to achieve the purpose of reducing costs, saving water and fertilizer in the production.
In order to find out the optimal nitrogen application rate suitable for the rapid growth of two-year-old Gleditsia sinensis grafted seedlings, the two-year-old G.sinensis grafted seedlings with the same growth were used as experimental materials, the effects of different nitrogen application rates on the growth, photosynthetic characteristics and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters of two-year-old G.sinensis seedlings with the same growth rate were studied. The results showed that: (1) Nitrogen fertilizer significantly increased the net growth of plant height, ground diameter, thorn length and thorn stem of G.sinensis seedlings, and reached the maximum value under N3 (pure nitrogen 90 g/plant). After the experiment, compared with CK, the growth of plant height and ground diameter increased by 59.71% and 50.10%, respectively. (2) N3 treatment could greatly promote the synthesis of chlorophyll in the leaves of G.sinensis, increase the net photosynthetic rate and stomatal conductance of the leaves, and then improve the photosynthetic capacity of G.sinensis seedlings. (3) With the increase of fertilizer application, the maximum fluorescence (Fm) and the maximum photochemical efficiency(Fv/Fm)of PSⅡin G. sinensis leaves increased first and then decreased with the increase of nitrogen application, while the initial fluorescence (Fo) had the opposite trend, and both reached the extreme value under N3 treatment. (4) In terms of the activity of PSⅡreaction center, reasonable application of nitrogen fertilizer could increase the light energy absorbed by the unit reaction center(ABS/RC), captured light energy(TRo/RC)and energy used to transfer electrons (ETo/RC)and reduce the energy used for heat dissipation (DIo/RC). According to the comprehensive parameters, the optimal nitrogen application rate for the growth of two-year-old G.sinensis grafted seedlings was 60-90 g/plant.
Scutellaria baicalensis was one of the commonly used bulk medicinal materials, which had a large market demand in China. In order to understand the differences in cultivation techniques, management level, quality and yield of S. baicalensis in various production areas, a survey was conducted on the production status of S.baicalensis in the main production areas, including Shanxi, Shanxi, Gansu, Shandong, Hebei, Henan and Inner Mongolia. It was found that there were some differences in ecological environment, cultivation methods, fertilization techniques, pest control, harvest period and processing methods among the producing areas. It was suggested that the ecological suitability zoning analysis of S. baicalensis and the study of suitable cultivation techniques for each production area should be carried out to form a high yield, high-quality, and efficient cultivation technology system and further lay the foundation for improving the quality and efficiency of S. baicalensis cultivation.
In recent years, due to the rapid development of urbanization, Linjiang City had produced a series of ecological and environmental problems. In order to protect the ecological environment and promote the sustainable development of Linjiang City, this paper selected six sensitive factors of land use type, soil conditions, rainfall topographic undulation, vegetation coverage and ecological reserve to evaluate the ecological sensitivity of Linjiang City through ArcGIS spatial analysis technology. The evaluation results showed that the overall ecological sensitivity of Linjiang City was high, and the proportion of sensitive areas was the largest (42.01%), scattered in the whole area of Linjiang City. Finally, based on the results of ecological sensitivity assessment, Linjiang City was divided into five ecological zones with different functional types while ensuring the integrity of village-level administrative boundaries, and different development strategies and control measures were proposed for each ecological zone, so as to provide reference for formulating spatial protection strategies for such zones with good ecological environment and high ecological sensitivity. This would lay the foundation for promoting ecological progress.
Fuping County, a typical part of Taihang Mountain, was selected as the study area. According to the current situation of ecological environment, it was divided according to the principle and method of ecological function zoning. The sensitivity of land ecological environment and the importance of ecological function were evaluated. The distribution pattern of land eco-environmental sensitivity assessment was gradually sensitive from southeast to northwest. In the evaluation of ecological function importance, the areas with low importance were more seriously disturbed by human activities, while the areas with high importance were mainly woodland in the Galactic Nature Reserve, with high forest coverage and high ecological quality. Based on geomorphic types, the ecological region was divided into three primary regions. Based on the evaluation results of land eco-environmental sensitivity and ecological function importance, the two-dimensional correlation judgment matrix was used to further divide the ecological function zoning into six secondary zones. The dominant factors were determined by the method of area dominance, and Fuping County was further divided into 13 three-level districts.
In order to clarify the matching relationship between supply and demand of regional ecosystem services and realize the sustainable development of regional ecology and social economy, this paper quantified the supply and demand of grain supply and carbon fixation services in eight counties in Baoding section of Taihang Mountain Area from 2005 to 2020 based on InVEST model, studied the temporal and spatial characteristics of the relationship between supply and demand, and put forward reasonable suggestions for ecosystem service management in Taihang Mountain Area of Baoding. The research results showed that: (1) From 2005 to 2020, the supply of grain supply services in Taihang Mountain Area of Baoding showed a fluctuating upward trend, and both the demand and the ratio of supply and demand showed a continuous upward trend; The supply and demand of water production services were gradually increasing, while the ratio of supply and demand was first increasing and then decreasing. The supply of carbon fixed services first decreased and then increased, the demand continued to increase, and the ratio of supply and demand first increased and then decreased. (2) From 2005 to 2020, the supply-demand ratio of grain supply-water production-carbon fixation service and three ecosystem services in Taihang Mountain Area of Baoding showed the distribution characteristics of "high in northwest and low in southeast". (3) From 2005 to 2020, the supply and demand characteristics of the three ecosystem services in Taihang Mountain Area of Baoding were mainly high supply and low demand, the supply and demand of grain supply-water production-carbon fixed service were mainly supply exceeding demand. The research results could provide scientific information for decision makers to understand the balanced matching of supply and demand of ecosystem services in Taihang Mountain Area of Baoding, and guide the management and planning of ecosystem.
Deeply understanding and analyzing the spatiotemporal characteristics and ecological development trends of the landscape pattern in Xiongan New Area was of great significance for promoting the green and high-quality development of Xiongan New Area. Using typical remote sensing image data of 4 periods from 2013 to 2022, combined with Google Earth images, the land use classification map of Xiongan New Area was obtained by support vector machine classification and visual interpretation method, and GIS technology and InVEST model analysis and other methods were comprehensively applied to analyze and evaluate the characteristics of landscape pattern changes and ecological quality in Xiongan New Area in the past ten years. The results showed that:(1) During the period of 2013 to 2022, construction land, open water bodies and forest land continued to grow, of which forest land showed a rapid growth trend after 2017, the proportion of the total area of Xiongan New Area grew from 10.75% to 31.79%, cultivated land shrunk rapidly due to the transfer out of the more area, which was mainly transferred to forest land, open water bodies and construction land, and the area of Baiyangdian wetland increased. (2) Landscape fragmentation of open water bodies, aquatic vegetation, and cultivated land was increasing year by year, and spatial connectivity of forest land continued to improve. The landscape shape index increased in Xiongan New Area, in which the landscape richness was the greatest in 2022, the connectivity of dominant patch types in the landscape increased, and the large proportion of patches increased. (3) From 2013 to 2022, the carbon stock in the study area increased by 60.59×106 MgC, the area of excellent type of habitat area and the area of poor habitat quality showed an upward trend, and the area of moderate habitat quality decreased by 33.66%. In the past 10 years, especially in the past 5 years, the landscape pattern of Xiongan New Area had undergone significant changes, mainly caused by land use changes. The increase in advantageous patches such as forest land, open water bodies, and aquatic vegetation had improved the ecological quality of the research area. At the same time, attention should also be paid to the continuous expansion of areas with poor habitat quality, and special attention should be paid to the intersection of arable land, rural construction land, and urban areas, the construction of ecological nodes and the enhancement of their ecological functions at the intersection of transportation roads and ecological sources.
The scientific identification and mediation of potential conflicts in land space utilization was the foundation of land space optimization. In order to optimize the spatial pattern of Chengde City, the suitability evaluation system of ecological protection, agricultural production and urban development was established by integrating the factors of land resources, water resources, meteorology and disasters in this paper. The two-dimensional and three-dimensional potential conflict identification models were used to reveal the intensity and spatial distribution of different types of potential conflicts and the land spatial pattern was reconstructed following the principle of "ecological protection priority, agricultural green development and appropriate urban development". It was concluded that: (1) The spatial suitability of Chengde city showed the characteristics of "ecological protection was important, agricultural production and urban construction were generally suitable"; (2) There was little difference in the intensity of potential conflicts in Chengde City, mainly light potential conflicts and no potential conflicts. The potential conflicts between ecological protection-agricultural production-urban construction, and the potential conflicts between agricultural production-urban construction were dominated, the conflict areas were 72.66% and 55.31%, respectively; (3) The types of potential conflicts between different functions had certain non-equilibrium in administrative units; (4) Taking potential conflicts and the current situation of territorial space utilization as guidance, the formulation of the optimal pattern of territorial space and partitioning strategies were scientific guide to the sustainable use of space.
In order to clarify the passivation effect of compound passivation agents on the facility soil contaminated with cadmium (Cd). The facility soil with exogenous Cd was studied. Biological simulation method was adopted to explore the passivation effect of compound passivation agents of bone charcoal powder, biochar and nano-humus on Cd accumulation in pakchoi.The main results were as follows:(1)When the total amount of bone charcoal powder, biochar and nano-humus were 2% and 5%, and the proportion was 1∶5∶2, the passivation effect was most significant. The content of available Cd was significantly decreased by 12.72%-15.73%. It was easier to convert Cd form from weak acid extraction state to reducible, oxidizable and residue state. Soil pH value was significantly increased by 0.22-0.34 units, and soil available P content was significantly increased by 15.28%-23.73%. The activities of catalase and urease in soil were significantly increased by 23.21%-52.98% and 57.75%-67.75%. When the supplemental level was 5%, the content of Cd in aboveground of pakchoi was significantly decreased by 14.67%. When the total supplemental level was 2%, the content of Cd in pakchoi root was significantly decreased by 14.47%. (2)Other treatments also showed some passivation effects. When the total addition amount was 5%, and the proportion of application was 1∶2∶2, the available Cd content in soil was significantly decreased by 10.93%. When the total addition amount were 2% and 5%, and the proportion of application was 1∶5∶5, the available Cd content in soil was significantly decreased by 7.49%-7.56%.(3)The correlation analysis showed that the increase of soil pH value would reduce the content of soil available Cd, and increase the content of soil available P, catalase and urease activities; The increase of soil available Cd content could increase the content of Cd in the aboveground part of pakchoi, and soil available P content and catalase activity decreased. The decrease of available Cd content could reduce the content of Cd in the aboveground part of pakchoi. In conclusion, under different addition amounts and proportions of application, the compound passivation agents could effectively increase soil pH value, available P content, catalase and urease activities, decrease the available Cd content in soil and Cd content in pakchoi. In addition, further comprehensive analysis was conducted from the perspective of saving economic cost. It was recommended that the total addition amount of bone charcoal powder, biochar and nano-humus was 2%, and the proportion of combined application was 1∶5∶2, which had the best passivation effect on the facility soil contaminated with Cd.
In order to explore the effects of radiation mutagenesis on the morphological and physiological characteristics of Weigela florida “Alba” and Weigela florida, the 60Co-γ radiation at different doses (0~300 Gy) was used to irradiate the dormant seeds of W. florida “Alba” and W. florida to observe the effect of radiation on the growth of alum root, the growth amount and chlorophyll content, chlorophyll fluorescence, photosynthetic index, SOD, POD, MDA and soluble protein content of seedling leaves were measured. The results showed that due to the increase of radiation dose, seedling height, leaf length, leaf width, pitch spacing, chlorophyll fluorescence, photosynthesis parameters, SOD activity and POD activity showed a clear trend of first increasing and then decreasing, reaching a peak at 50 Gy. At the same time, with the increase of radiation dose, the chlorophyll content and soluble protein content showed a downward trend. The MDA content was significantly increased. In summary, under the radiation condition of (2 Gy/min) dose rate, the mutagenic dose of W. florida “Alba” seeds was 50 Gy, the W. florida in 50-100 Gy was the most suitable.
In order to truly reflect the behavior of travelers and optimize the planning and management of natural tourism destinations, this study took the traveler marker points in the “two-step road” as the data source and the natural tourism destination was defined according to the concentration degree of the marker points as the research object. With the help of GIS spatio-temporal analysis tools and geographic detector, the spatio-temporal distribution characteristics of travelers were summarized. The natural environment factors, human and social factors were selected as driving indicators to explore the driving factors of the spatial distribution of travelers in the study area. The results of the study showed that: (1) Traveler activities showed obvious spatial heterogeneity characteristics, forming 27 hot areas of traveler activities. (2) The interannual distribution of travelers was in a state of agglomeration and the nearest neighbor index was in the form of a "U"-shaped curve. The spatial distribution was relatively concentrated, but the interannual changes in hotspot areas was obvious. The agglomeration of “single core” to “parallel multi-core” and then to “double core” and “single core”, which indicated that the internal competition pattern of the tourist destination was in change. (3) Travelers gathered in summer and autumn, the hot spots for travel activities were relatively concentrated, but the spatial distribution of travelers in different seasons was obviously different.(4) Attractions, catering, accommodation and other service facilities were the determinants of the spatial differentiation of travelers activities, among which the attractions were the dominant factors. In conclusion, the spatio-temporal big data mainly based on traveler marked points could describe the tourist behavior characteristics of natural tourist destinations in more detail.
Tourism online photos were the visual expression of tourists perception of tourist destination image. Through analyzing the landscape photos uploaded by tourists, tourists perception of forest tourist destination landscape image could be understood and key landscape elements could be protected and restored. Taking Saihanba National Forest Park as an example, this paper selected 1 656 landscape photos from tourism websites as the research object, and analyzed the perception of natural tourism landscape from two aspects of cognition and emotion. Image semantic segmentation was used to extract landscape elements and cluster analysis,landscape pattern analysis were carried out on landscape elements. Used DeepSentiBank and HowNet sentiment dictionary to conduct sentiment research, and selected landscape pattern indicators to explain the reasons for the emotional bias of different photos. The results showed that sky was the most important landscape element that tourists pay attention to, followed by clouds, roads and forests. The perceived tourist landscape could be divided into four types: plant landscape, weather and sky landscape, water landscape and ground object landscape. The emotion presented in the photos were positive and neutral, with the highest proportion of positive emotion in plant landscape and the highest proportion of negative emotion in ground object landscape. There was a significant negative correlation between number of patches, patch density, landscape shape index and emotion value, and a significant positive correlation between maximum patch index and emotion value.
